Techno †Cihuatl: The Birth of a Modern Mexican Female. :: Culture Cultural Mexico Papers

Techno – Cihuatl: The Birth of a Modern Mexican Female I learned about computers and technology a little at a time, from simple games, to web building and heavy use of applications. Some of the knowledge came form a school setting; most of it I acquired from trial and error and by a friend’s teachings I overcame the limitations of growing up in a Third-World country (Mexico) with little access to technology and tried to keep up with its changes as time went by. My country has had a love-hate relationship with the US for a long time. Within the huge Mexican middle class there are different opinions regarding the US way of life. While some people crave to have every single item of "gringo-wealth" such as electronics, clothing and even food, some others are deeply concerned about the "loss of identity" "deculturalization" and hegemony that US-like culture has brought to Mexico. This phenomenon is particularly clear among the generation born in the seventies, especially women. Young Mexicanas that are now in their middle twenties are torn apart between two worlds: First, the technology – driven college education and work that are the symbols of US - imported woman liberation. Second, the motherhood – housewife roles traditionally imposed on them by the Mexican culture along with their religious, mystical, and cultural implications. Instead of marrying both ideas into a nice middle term, Mexican society (which is still a male dominated environment) tends to relegate them apart: either you become a housewife, or a professional. I consider that these extremes are always detrimental. I was the first-born of a young couple fresh out of college. My parents belonged to the first generation of Mexicans that lost their political innocence (and correctness) with the student’s riots of ‘68; they were rebels by nature. My mother was a biochemical engineer in a society where women were supposed to be teachers or housewives. My father was the only one out of five sibling who finished college, and he worked in a transnational firm, which was very odd at the time. Unlike most of our relations, we were no strangers of technology, mainly because we "imported" many appliances from California, where my uncles lived. We had a black and white TV; my father listened music using certain tapes that looked like Nintendo cartridges and he also had acetate discs, we had no telephone, but we were the first family in our block to get a microwave.

Admissions Essay: We Must Fight to Preserve Our Community

Admissions Essay: We Must Fight to Preserve Our Community When I was a little girl, I remember being asked what I wanted to be when I got older. Back then growing up seemed like centuries away, but the years have flown by like minutes. Now I am a month away from being a legal adult and on the brink of discovery. Opportunities are around every corner. This year I have asked myself what I want to have as my profession. The answer came without delay; I want to be a pediatrician. I have always loved people, especially children and the elderly, and I love going out in the community and getting my hands dirty. The area where I was born and raised, is in dire straights as far as the medical field goes. Good health care is hard to come by, and physicians have strayed from the values of kin...

Designing a Toasting Oven in Order to Produce Corn Flakes

Prof. Dr. Suat Ungan Fd. E. 425 Food Engineering Design Coordinator Middle East Technical University Food Engineering Department Ankara 06531 November 25, 2011 Dear Mr. Ungan, Please accept the accompanying Work Term Report, aimed designing a toasting oven in order to produce corn flakes. In the designed system 10 tons corn flakes per day is produced. After some processes, corn flakes enters the roasting oven at 20% humidity and exits at 4%humidity. The roasting oven can operate at ( ±10 ? C) 225 0C. Toasting oven is designed by considering its length, area and operating temperature.Optimizations are done according to these factors on the cost of the total design. In the design system, rotary drum drier is used. 350 days of the year plant works and production occurs 16 hours in a day. Corn flakes enter the oven at 225 0C . Amount of air is calculated as 0,648 kg dry air/s . Length of the drier is calculated as 2. 27 m. in the result of optimizations done according to proper drying time and dryer diameter. Heat energy needed to raise the inlet temperature of air to 225 0C, is found as 157kw and heat loss is found as 23. 6kw.Through these data, total investment which contains dryer cost and electricity cost is found as 92794. 98TL. Sincerely, group 3 members TABLE OF CONTENT SUMMARY In this design a rotary dryer is designed for drying of corn flakes which have the moisture content 20%. Corn flakes are dried with air 9 % moisture content. The production is done for 16 hours in a day and 10 tons corn flakes are produced per day. In production process, corn flakes are cooked under pressure. After cooking step, big masses are broken to pieces and sent to driers in order to get the moisture level at 20%. After this process, roduct is flaked between large steel cylinders and cooled with internal water flow. Soft flakes are sent to rotary dryers in order to dehydration to 4% final moisture content and toasting. In the toasting oven, flakes are exposed to 225 0C air fo r 2-3 min. The drier length is calculated as 2. 27 m with the diameter of 0. 082m with the assumption of 4%moisture content inlet air and 9%content outlet air. Flow rate of feed is calculated as 0. 206kg/s. Mass flow rate of the inlet air is calculated as 0,648 kg dry air/s. Energy needed for bring the temperature of air to 225 0C is calculated as 157kw and heat loss in the system is 23. kw. By making optimizations total capital investment is calculated as92794. 98TL which includes 84881TL electricity cost and 7913TL dryer cost. Finally by making optimizations, in order to have minimum length and suitable energy for the drier, 215 0C is chosen the best temperature for the inlet air. I. INTRODUCTION Rotary dryers potentially represent the oldest continuous and undoubtedly the most common high volume dryer used in industry, and it has evolved more adaptations of the technology than any other dryer classification. [1] Drying the materials is an important consumption process.It is also one of the important parts in cement production process, and affects the quality and consumption of the grinding machine. Drum dryer is the main equipment of drying materials, it has simple structure, reliable operation, and convenient to manage. However there are some problems which are huge heat loss, low thermal efficiency, high heat consumption, more dust, and difficult to control the moisture out of the machine. It plays a significant role in improving drying technology level and thermal efficiency in drying process, reduce the thermal and production lost. 2] In this design we are asked to design a rotary drier which works 16 hours in a day and produces 10 tones corn flakes per day. Also it is mentioned that, corn flakes enters to drier at 20 %humidity and exits 3-5%humidity. This report is about designing a rotary dryer with its dimensions for considering to get the minimum total cost. Optimizations are done according to inlet temperature of the air to the drier. In the design system heat needed for heating the inlet temperatures and length of the rotary dryer as material cost is thought, and optimization is done by considering minimum total cost for the system.II. PREVIOUS WORK Drying is perhaps the oldest, most common operation of chemical engineering unit operations. Over four hundred types of dryers have been reported in the literature while over one hundred distinct types are commonly available[3] Drying occurs by effecting vaporization of the liquid by providing heat to the wet feedstock. Heat may be supplied by convection (direct dryers), by conduction (contact or indirect dryers), radiation or by microwave. Over 85 percent of industrial dryers are of the convective type with hot air or direct combustion gases as the drying medium.Over 99 percent of the applications involve removal of water. [3] * Rotary Dryer; All rotary dryers have the feed materials passing through a rotating cylinder termed a drum. It is a cylindrical shell usually constructed from steel plates, slightly inclined, typically 0. 3-5 m in diameter, 5-90 m in length and rotating at 1-5 rpm. It is operated in some cases with a negative internal pressure (vacuum) to prevent dust escape. Depending on the arrangement for the contact between the drying gas and the solids, a dryer may be classified as direct or indirect, con-current or counter-current.Noted for their flexibility and heavy construction, rotary dryers are less sensitive to wide fluctuations in throughput and product size. [4] * Pneumatic/Flash Dryer;The pneumatic or ‘flash’ dryer is used with products that dry rapidly owing to the easy removal of free moisture or where any needed diffusion to the surface occurs readily. Drying takes place in a matter of seconds. Wet material is mixed with a stream of heated air (or other gas), which conveys it through a drying duct where high heat and mass transfer rates rapidly dry the product.Applications include the drying of filter cakes, crystals, granules, pastes, sludge and slurries; in fact almost any material where a powdered product is required. * Spray Dryers; Spray drying has been one of the most energy-consuming drying processes, yet it remains one that is essential to the production of dairy and food product powders. Basically, spray drying is accomplished by atomizing feed liquid into a drying chamber, where the small droplets are subjected to a stream of hot air and converted to powder particles.As the powder is discharged from the drying chamber, it is passed through a powder/air separator and collected for packaging. Most spray dryers are equipped for primary powder collection at efficiency of about 99. 5%, and most can be supplied with secondary collection equipment if necessary * Fluidised Bed Dryer; Fluid bed dryers are found throughout all industries, from heavy mining through food, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. They provide an effective method of drying relatively free flowing particles with a reasonab ly narrow particle size distribution.In general, fluid bed dryers operate on a through-the-bed flow pattern with the gas passing through the product perpendicular to the direction of travel. The dry product is discharged from the same section. * Hot Air Dryer- Stenter; Fabric drying is usually carried out on either drying cylinders (intermediate drying) or on stenters (final drying). Drying cylinders are basically a series of steam-heated drums over which the fabric passes. It has the drawback of pulling the fabric and effectively reducing its width.For this reason it tends to be used for intermediate drying * Contact Drying- Steam Cylinders/Can; This is the simplest and cheapest mode of drying woven fabrics. It is mainly used for intermediate drying rather than final drying (since there is no means of controlling fabric width) and for pre drying prior to stentering. * Infra red drying; Infrared energy can be generated by electric or gas infrared heaters or emitters. Each energy sou rce has advantages and disadvantages.Typically, gas infrared systems are more expensive to buy because they require safety controls and gas-handling equipment, but they often are less expensive to run because gas usually is cheaper than electricity. Gas infrared is often a good choice for applications that require a lot of energy. Products such as nonwoven and textile webs are examples where gas often is a good choice. [5] * III. DISCUSSION For the designed system a rotary drum dryer is chosen. Rotary drum dryer  is used for drying material with humidity or granularity in the industries of mineral dressing, building material, metallurgy and chemical.It has advantage of reasonable structure, high efficiency, low energy consumption[6]   advantages of drum dryer: | | Suitable for handling liquid or pasty feeds. Product is powdery, flaky form Uniform drying due to uniform application of film. Medium range capacities. Very High thermal efficiency Continuous operation Compact installa tion Closed construction is possible  [7] By hot air stream, heat for Toasting of the flakes in the drier, or in the oven, is provided instead using flat baking surfaces. Depending on the production type and flow rate, drum dryer satisfies rotating at a constant speed, the slope and the length.The drum is also perforated so that allows the air flow inside. The perforation should not too much large but also prevent the escape of flakes. Also, during the thermal treatment browning, expansion degree, texture, flavour, storage stability is determined. In order to obtain the correct values, the drying temperature and time should be adjusted properly. For the optimization of the system, length of the drier, diameter value, working temperature are affect fixed cost, variable cost and the heat loss from the system is considered.First at all, changing by temperature how affect necessary length is calculated T air in| Z| 210| 2,308504| 215| 2,296091| 220| 2,284367| 225| 2,273274| 230| 2,262 764| 235| 2,252792| It is seen that after temperature of the hot air increases, the necessary length of the system decreases . Due to decreasing of necessary length of the system , area decreases also , so fix cost is decreased (Money of dryer + installation) on the other hand according to table 6 T air in| Q system| electric cost| Area| money for cost of dryer + installation| total cost| 210| 146,708| 79222,32709| ,231014| 7949,192995| 87171,52| 215| 150,2011| 81108,57297| 1,224622| 7936,763821| 89045,34| 220| 153,6941| 82994,81886| 1,218584| 7925,023661| 90919,84| 225| 157,1872| 84881,06474| 1,212872| 7913,916768| 92794,98| 230| 160,6802| 86767,31062| 1,20746| 7903,393249| 94670,7| 235| 164,1733| 88653,5565| 1,202325| 7893,408318| 96546,96| TABLE 6 Q loss is increased , by temperature increase so variable cost(electric cost ) is increased also. owever, due to not big changing in the areas fix cost variable do not change too much by increasing or decreasing the temperature, but Q loss, on the other hand, makes too much difference by increasing or decreasing the temperature and also electrical cost for one kw/h is 0. 15 TL ,the difference of changing one temperature to other one is too big than fix cost. And according to data and tables, the optimum temperature is 2100C due to this reasons do not have a specific curve to us , the result is predicted as the minimum temperature. i. Assumptions * Working time of the plant is assumed as 16 hours Drying time is assumed as 150 seconds (optimum time is given as 2-3 minutes). * Surface temperature of the corn flakes entering the drier is assumed as 25oC(Tfeed=25oC) * Humidity of the air at the inlet and the outlet is assumed as 0. 04 and 0. 09, respectively. * Specific heat of the air is assumed as constant. ( cp,air=1. 02kj/kg*K) * Only the constant drying rate is considered in the calculations since it has a critical moisture of 4. 5-5. 2 %. [4] * The shape of the flakes is assumed as spherical. * Radius of dryer i s taken as 0. 082 m The efficiency of the drier is assumed as 85% to realize the calculations. ii. Possible source of errors * The shape of the corn flakes may not be perfect spheres. * Calculations may be done improperly due to the air humidity assumptions. * The corn flakes may be stuck on each other. * IV. RECOMMENDED DESIGN 1. Drawing of proposed design 2. Tables Listing Equipment an Specifications Equipment| Specifications| Rotary Drum Dryer| Heating Medium: Hot Air * Temperature : 225 o C * Humidity in: 0. 04 kg water / kg dry air * Humidity out : 0. 09 kg water / kg dry airLength: 2. 27 mPeripheral Area: 1. 13 m2Material: Stainless SteelType: PerforatedProcessing time: 3 minutes or 150 seconds| TABLE 1 3. Tables for Material and Energy Balances T air, in ( °C)| 210| 215| 220| 225| 230| 235| T air, out ( °C)| 163. 67| 167. 57| 171. 48| 175. 37| 179. 27| 183. 16| Product rate (kg/s)| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| 0. 174| Feed rate (kg/s)| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| 0. 206| Mass of air (kg/s)| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| 0. 648| H in, air (kj/kg)| 226. 107| 231. 490| 236. 874| 242. 257| 247. 641| 253. 25| H out, air (kj/kg)| 192. 191| 196. 767| 201. 343| 205. 912| 210. 495| 210. 071| Q (kj/s)| 33. 916| 34. 724| 35. 531| 36. 339| 37. 146| 37. 954| Q loss (kj/s)| 22. 006| 22. 530| 23. 054| 23. 578| 24. 102| 24. 626| T feed in ( °C)| 25| 25| 25| 25| 25| 25| T feed out ( °C)| 46. 253| 46. 275| 46. 298| 46. 320| 46. 343| 46. 366| Z, length (m)| 2. 32| 2. 296| 2. 284| 2. 273| 2,263| 2. 253| A, peripheral area (m)| 1. 231| 1. 224| 1. 219| 1. 213| 1. 207| 1. 202| time (seconds)| 150| 150| 150| 150| 150| 150| TABLE 2 4. Process Economics According to 225oC QSYSTEM =157,18 kJ TEDAS ,for 1KW/hour electric , cost is 0. 5TL. ————————————————- Electric cost = QSYSTEM *3600*0,15 Eqn 19 Electric cost=84881,065TL â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Area =(2*? *r*z)+(2*? *r2) Eqn 20 AREA;=1,2128m2 For money cost dryer and installation a formula is found which is ————————————————- Cost = 5555,56+ 1944,44*area Eqn 21 money cost dryer and installation= 7913. 91TL ————————————————- Total cost = electric cost + money cost dryer +installationEQN 22 Total cost=92794,98TL T air in| Q system| electric cost| area| money for cost of dryer + installation| total cost| 210| 146,708| 79222,32709| 1,231014| 7949,192995| 87171,52| 215| 150,2011| 81108,57297| 1,224622| 7936,763821| 89045,34| 220| 153,6941| 82994,81886| 1,218584| 7925,023661| 90919,84| 225| 157,1872| 84881,06474| 1,212872| 7913,916768| 92 794,98| 230| 160,6802| 86767,31062| 1,20746| 7903,393249| 94670,7| 235| 164,1733| 88653,5565| 1,202325| 7893,408318| 96546,96| TABLE 6 FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 V.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS To sum up, the aim of this design project is to design a toasting oven for corn flakes to decrease its moisture content from %20 to 3-5 %. For this purpose, by using inlet temperature, humidity of air and inlet temperature and moisture content of corn flakes the system is designed. Moreover, during calculations length and radius of dryer, operating time, operating capacity and heat losses from the system is considered. After doing this calculation, the optimization done by altering the working temperature of the system and dryer radius and by considering heat losses from the system.These alterations affect to the both variable and fixed costs and different fixed and variable cost values are obtained. Different total costs values are obtained by using fixed cost and variable cost values and optimizati on is done. Finally, it is conculed that the dryer length is 2. 27 m when inlet air temperature is 225 oC. However, optimum length is obtained when the inlet air temperature is 215 oC which is 2. 296 m by considering total cost for the system. As a result, theoretical calculations are integrated with practical approach and feasible system is designed for the problem.As a recommendation, for the drying process of corn flakes other dryer types can be used. Fluidized bed dryer can be used for this process. There are some important advantages of this dyer. As an example, this type of dryer has very high thermal efficiency and low processing temperature can be used for the processing. [8] Moreover, the system should be controlled carefully, because any fluctuations in the temperature or other variables could made adverse effects. Temperature of the inlet air should be censored and color censor should be added to outlet of product to control the quality in a best way. VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT S pecial thanks for their help and support to our instructors: Prof. Dr. Suat UNGAN Assist. Cem  Ã‚ · BALTACIOGLU * VII. TABLE OF NOMENCLATURE xfeed = kg solid/kg feed xproduct = kg solid/kg product Xfeed = kg water/kg dry solid Xproduct = kg water/kg dry solid Humidity air in= kg water/kg dry air ? =density (kg/m3) Q =volumetric flow rate (m3/s) V=speed (m/s) D= diameter (m) g= gravitational acceleration (m/s2) Qloss = kJoule Hin = Kj /kg dry air hproduct = kJ/kg Gair = kg dry air/m2. s * VIII. REFERENCES [1] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. process-heating. om/Articles/Drying_Files/d238aadb9d268010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ [2] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. rotary-drum-dryer. com/Knowledge/2011-05-08/141. html [3] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. energymanagertraining. com/bee_draft_codes/best_practices_manual-DRYERS. pdf [4] Retrieved on November 2011 from; http://www. barr-rosin. com/products/rotary-dryer. asp [5] Retrieved on November 2011 f rom; http://www. thinkredona. org/rotary-dryer [6] Retrieved on November 2011 from http://www. blcrushers. com/chanping/2011-08-17/111. html? gclid=CM39p73vxKwCFQkLfAodemc4rw [7] Retrieved on November 2011 from http://www. rrowhead-dryers. com/drum-dryer. html [8]retrieved on November 2011 from http://www. directindustry. com/prod/british-rema-processing-ltd/fluidized-bed-dryers-62696-580253. html * IX. APPENDIX SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Mass values and fractions data: Capacity = 10000 kg per day product As assumed working time = 16 hours per day Product flow rate = (10000kg/day)*(1day/16hours)*(1 hour/3600) Product flow rate=0,174 kg/s Feed flow rate = (0,174*0,95)/0,8 Feed flow rate= 0,206 kg/s Moisture content of feed = 0,2 kg water/kg feed Moisture content of product = 0,05 kg water/kg product xfeed = 0,8 kg solid/kg feed product = 0,95 kg solid/kg product Xfeed = 0,2/0,8(=0,2/0,8=0,25 kg water/kg dry solid) Xfeed= 0,25 kg water/kg dry solid Xproduct = 0,05/0,95(=0,05/0,95=0,053 kg wa ter/kg dry solid) = 0,053 kg water/kg product Xproduct= 0,053 kg water/kg product Temperature & humidity data: Temperature of the air in = 225 oC Temperature of the feed = 25 oC Humidity air in = 0,04 kg water/kg dry air Humidity air out = 0,09 kg water/kg dry airH For finding G value, water balance is made as ————————————————- G*Hin + F*Xfeed/[(1+Xfeed)] = G*Hout + P*XproductEqn 1. G*0,04 + 0,206*[0,25/(1+0,25)] = G*0,09 + 0,174*[0,053/(1+0,053)] G= 0,648 kg dry air/s For finding energy balance, Hin , Qloss , Hout are calculated ————————————————- Hin = (1,005+1,88* Hin)*Tair,in Eqn2. (Material and Energy Balances in Food Engineering, Esin, A. 1993, p. 429) Hin = (1,005+1,88*0,04)*225 Hin = 242,25 kJ/kg dry air As efficiency is taken 85% ———à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Qloss = 0,15*Hin (85% efficiency) Eqn3. Qloss = 36,33 kJ/kg dry air ————————————————- Qloss in system = G*QlossEqn4. Qloss in system = 0,648*36,456 Qloss in system = 23,578 kJ/s ————————————————- Hout = (1,005+1,88* Hout)*Tair,out Eqn5. (Material and Energy Balances in Food Engineering, Esin, A. 1993, p. 429) Hout = 1,1742*Tout Energy balance: ————————————————- G*Hin = G*Hout + Qloss Eqn6. 0,648*243,045 = 0,648*(1,1742Tair,out) + 23,626 Tout air = 175,369oC Use eqn 5. And Hout is found as Hout = 205,91 kJ/s —————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Siebel’s Equation: 33,49*(H2O) + 837,4Eqn 7. (Material and Energy Balances in Food Engineering, Esin, A. 1993 Eqn 5-33 p. 211) So , by using this equation cp,feed = 1,5 kJ/kg. oC cp,product = 0,98kJ/kg . oC ? feed = 1390 kg/m3 ————————————————- hfeed = cp,feed*Tfeed Eqn. 8 hfeed = 1,5*25 hfeed = 37,5 kJ/kg ————————————————- hproduct = cp,feed*Tproduct Eqn. 9 hproduct = 0,98*Tproduct Energy Balance: G*Hin + F*hfeed = G*Hout + P*hproduct + Qloss Eqn 10. 0,648*243,045 + 0. 206*37. = 0. 648*206. 59 + 0. 174*0. 98* Tproduct + 23. 63 Tproduct = 46,32 oC hproduct = =45,39 kJ/kg As mentioned, assumption of radius of dryer is taken 0. 082 m ———— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Gair = 0,648/(? *r2) Eqn. 11 Gair = 30,68 kg dry air/m2. s ————————————————- hair = 1,17*(Gair)0,37 Eqn. 12(Transport Process and Separation Process Principles, Geankoplis , Eqn 9-6-10 p. 583) hair= 4. 5 kj/ kg cp,air=1. 02kj/kg*K ————————————————- HTOG = (Gair*cp,air)/hair Eqn. 13 (Mass Transfer Operation, Treybal, p. 704) HTOG= 7. 535 Tair,in = 225 Tair,out = 175. 369 Tfeed = 25 Tproduct =46. 32 So TG is found by ————————————————- TG = Tair,in – Tair,out Eqn. 14 TG = 49. 06 ——————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- TM = [(Tair,in – Tfeed) + (Tair,out – Tproduct)]/2 Eqn. 15 TM = 164,52 ————————————————-NTOG = TG/TM Eqn. 16 NTOG = 0,301 ————————————————- z = NTOG*HTOG Eqn 17 z= 2,27 m ————————————————- QSYSTEM=Gair*Hin Eqn 18 =242,25*0,648 QSYSTEM =157,18 kJ TEDAS ,for 1KW/hour electric , cost is 0. 15TL. ————————————————- Electric cost = QSYSTEM *3600*0,15 Eqn 19 Electric cost=84881,065TL —————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ Area =(2*? *r*z)+(2*? *r2) Eqn 20 AREA;=1,2128m2 For money cost dryer and installation a formula is found which is ————————————————- Cost = 5555,56+ 1944,44*area Eqn 21 (Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, Max . S. Peters) money cost dryer and installation= 7913. 91TL ————————————————- Total cost = electric cost + money cost dryer +installation EQN 22 Total cost=92794,98TLFor finding changes due to increasing temperature to higher or lower (  ±10 ? C) from 225oC Humidityin and Humidityout are taken constant. Humidity air in = 0,04 kg water/kg dry air Humidity air out = 0,09 kg water/kg dry airH T air in| Hin| Q loss| Qloss in SYSTEM| Tair out| Hout| 210| 226,107| 33,91605| 22,00620197| 163,6782| 192,191| 215| 231,4905| 34, 72358| 22,53015916| 167,5753| 196,7669| 220| 236,874| 35,5311| 23,05411635| 171,4724| 201,3429| 225| 242,2575| 36,33863| 23,57807354| 175,3695| 205,9189| 230| 247,641| 37,14615| 24,10203073| 179,2666| 210,4949| 235| 253,0245| 37,95368| 24,62598792| 183,1637| 215,0708| TABLE 4Gair and h are constant , as I found before as hfeed = 37,5 kJ/kg and Gair =30,68 T air in| T product| h product| h air| h TOG| TG| TM| N TOG| z| 210| 46,25308| 45,32802| 4,152621| 7,535866| 46,32179| 151,2126| 0,306336| 2,308504| 215| 46,27571| 45,3502| 4,152621| 7,535866| 47,42469| 155,6498| 0,304688| 2,296091| 220| 46,29834| 45,37238| 4,152621| 7,535866| 48,52759| 160,087| 0,303133| 2,284367| 225| 46,32097| 45,39455| 4,152621| 7,535866| 49,63049| 164,5243| 0,301661| ,273274| 230| 46,3436| 45,41673| 4,152621| 7,535866| 50,73339| 168,9615| 0,300266| 2,262764| 235| 46,36623| 45,43891| 4,152621| 7,535866| 51,83629| 173,3987| 0,298943| 2,252792| TABLE 5 T air in| Q system| electric cost| area| money for cost of dr yer + installation| total cost| 210| 146,708| 79222,32709| 1,231014| 7949,192995| 87171,52| 215| 150,2011| 81108,57297| 1,224622| 7936,763821| 89045,34| 220| 153,6941| 82994,81886| 1,218584| 7925,023661| 90919,84| 225| 157,1872| 84881,06474| 1,212872| 7913,916768| 92794,98| 230| 160,6802| 86767,31062| 1,20746| 7903,393249| 94670,7| 235| 164,1733| 88653,5565| 1,202325| 7893,408318| 96546,96| TABLE 6 FIGURE1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 According to figures, most suitable temperature is 210oC by making optimization.

How The American Revolution Started Essay

The American Revolution was the colonists breaking from monarchy and switching to Democracy. The outcome of the movement lead to the Declaration of independence, and then the creation of America. There are several reasons why the American Revolution began, here are a few. The sugar act, or the American Duties Act was passed in 1764 for the sole purpose to raise money for the French Indian war. The Act forced a tax of three cents on sugar that was shipped to the new colony. The act also placed tax on Molasses to stop merchants from smuggling it in. Of course the tax was placed onto the colony while they were in a state of financial depression. In response, the Merchants refused to buy luxury British imports, but the rebellion didn’t start until the Quartering act and the Stamp act began. The Quartering act was created in 1765. Colonists were told to house, feed, and care for the troops as they came. The act backfired in 1766 when 1,500 troops appeared in New York. The Provincial Assembly refused to obey the law, and refused to provide the soldiers with any alms. Because they refused, Parliament said they’d suspended New Yorks Governor and Legislature until 1769, but never carried it out. Soon after, the Assembly agreed to accumulate money to quarter the troops. After that, the Quartering act was avoided in all states except Pennsylvania. The Stamp act began in 1765 when George Grenville raised the taxes on most things in the American Colony. Initially he wanted to raise taxes in Britain, but that was out of the question because of the hostile reaction after the Cider Tax. So instead decided to raise tax on the new colony without asking their permission. The colonists responded immediately by debating in the colonial legislatures, creating mob crowds, tarring, and feathering. All in all, the colonists finally showed their displeasure for all the new laws through â€Å"The Boston Tea Party†. The Boston Tea Party was a political protest against the taxes. A group, named the â€Å"Sons of liberty†, came up with the idea to dress as Indians (which didn’t fool anyone) and toss all the crates of Tea that came in, into the harbor. The British Government responded harshly, and it grew into the American Revolution as we know it. In the end, the American Revolution got rid of increasing restrictions placed on the colonies from Britain. It’s estimated that only one-third of the colonists were in favor of rebellion, one-third sided with the British, and the last third were all neutral concerning the rebellion and break from Great Britain.

A Brief On Paul Czanne

A Brief On Paul Czanne Essay Paul CÃÆ' ©zanne was born in Aix-en-Provence, a small town south of France. As a young boy, CÃÆ' ©zannes passions lay in his poetry and his friends, including Emile Zola Preble 402. CÃÆ' ©zanne is included in the time of the Post-Impressionists. CÃÆ' ©zanne wanted to make Impressionism into something solid and enduring like the art of museums Preble 401. CÃÆ' ©zanne did not have a typical, as I define as friendly, relationship with his father. CÃÆ' ©zanne had some problems with his father. CÃÆ' ©zannes father wanted for CÃÆ' ©zanne to be a lawyer. His father had sent him to a college for lawyers but CÃÆ' ©zanne was coaxed otherwise by his friend Zola her moved to Paris Preble 402. CÃÆ' ©zannes father had bought the Jas de Bouffan, which would be the place that CÃÆ' ©zanne did many of his works Rewald 21. The Jas de Bouffan would be their residence for over a half a century. In one of CÃÆ' ©zannes paintings of their residence he omits people and animals that, like in most of his paintings, would disrupt the unchanging features of the scene Murphy 150. CÃÆ' ©zannes father was always in a struggle with his son. His father was one that could not comprehend anyone being able to be successful in anything that did not make him or her rich. One thing that his father had to be able to recognize was that his son had determination, but his father was utterly blind in seeing his sons talent Rewald 35. When CÃÆ' ©zannes father died, CÃÆ' ©zanne spoke of him as a genius for leaving him an income of 25,000 francs Murphy 123. CÃÆ' ©zanne married his 12-year affair Hortense Fiquet. A few months after their marriage, CÃÆ' ©zannes father died. Hortense was not welcome at the Jas de Bouffan by CÃÆ' ©zannes mother and sister. People say that his mother and sister banned her from the house and they were in a rage of giving her too much money Murphy 117. CÃÆ' ©zannes sister, Marie, was the one that encouraged the marriage, even though she disliked Hortense, in hope that in would lift the spirits of her brother. Hortense and CÃÆ' ©zanne did not along very well Rewald 125. Even after their marriage, CÃÆ' ©zanne had no thought about living the Jas or his other and sister. CÃÆ' ©zanne thought that 16,000 francs, which were her share, was all that she needed Rewald 125. Emile Zola was Pauls best friend. CÃÆ' ©zanne and Zola were attracted by their shared interest in literary movements and artists. Zola and CÃÆ' ©zanne played an important role in each others life with Zola helping start CÃÆ' ©zannes art career and CÃÆ' ©zanne helping Zola to start thinking about pictorial art Murphy 14. CÃÆ' ©zanne at one point thought he could write and some of his works are found in his letters to Zola: Dark, thick unwelcome mist covers me up; The sun withdraws its last handful of diamonds Murphy 14. Zola was a very important person on telling the history of CÃÆ' ©zanne. However, their friendship had its rocky times and its breakup by Zola. Zola  can recall the complete disorder of CÃÆ' ©zannes studio Rewald 62. Zola tells us how CÃÆ' ©zanne rarely swept the interior of his studio for fear that the dust would disrupt his works. CÃÆ' ©zanne based his work on the observation of nature and used separate strokes that were visible to make rich surfaces Preble 400. CÃÆ' ©zanne tried counting on the connection between adjacent strokes of color to show the entirety of the form and the space decreasing. In CÃÆ' ©zannes The Saint Victoire from Bellevue we can see how CÃÆ' ©zanne uses this technique to show space and depth from a flat plane. CÃÆ' ©zanne likes to make alterations on nature and enlarge the mountain; CÃÆ' ©zanne also makes spatiality more clear and distinct than the actual photographs of the motifs Loran 125. CÃÆ' ©zanne seemed to be obsessed by this mountain and somewhat exaggerated the size of it in every one of his paintings Murphy 154. In another view of this, entitled Mont Saint-Victoire, CÃÆ' ©zanne uses the tree to show height by extending it the entire length of the canvas. CÃÆ' ©zanne utilizes color contrasts to show depth playing with cool and warm color shifts Schapi ro 66. CÃÆ' ©zanne painted this scene at least 60 times from every possible angle. READ: Walt Whitman the poet of American inclusion EssayCÃÆ' ©zanne had a very distinct style of painting. To move out of the style of the broken-color of the Impressionists, CÃÆ' ©zanne created the system of modulating the colors from a volume of cool to warm or light to dark. He made a series of steps Loran 25. As the colors begin to overlap they are creating a three-dimensional image. CÃÆ' ©zanne very seldom ever made a line around his paintings Loran 26. CÃÆ' ©zanne would make the lines virtually disappear off the edge thus creating more volume. This would make CÃÆ' ©zannes paintings pass to the negative or the background Loran 26. This technique can be seen in CÃÆ' ©zannes Still Life with Apples, a Bottle, and a Milk Pot Rewald 253. In this painting we are able to see the way CÃÆ' ©zanne literally escapes the use of encompassing lines. CÃÆ' ©zanne loses the edges in this painting producing an image of it pass into the background. Let us return to the color modulation that CÃÆ' ©zanne created. Color balance was one final aim for CÃÆ' ©zanne. CÃÆ' ©zannes light sources are moderately consistent and his shadows are a very important element to his color Loran 28. CÃÆ' ©zanne was known to work on several canvases at one time changing from one to the other depending on the time of day or the location of the sun. One of his paintings that express this color balance is Chestnut Trees and Farmhouse at the Jas de Bouffan Rewald 150. In this painting CÃÆ' ©zanne is also building on the volumes, which leads us to the next perspective on his work. CÃÆ' ©zanne used lines to create planes, but he used planes to create volume. If every artist can agree on one thing, it is that CÃÆ' ©zanne achieved volume Loran 27. In CÃÆ' ©zannes The Quarry Called Bibemus, the volume is accentuated.  CÃÆ' ©zanne relies on warm-to-cold contrasts and overlapping forms to give the volume instead of linear and aerial perspective Murphy 81. The color contrast between the bright green tree and the orange rock make the space perfectly clear without the use of lines Loran 71. CÃÆ' ©zanne had problems with perspective. In his Road to Gardanne, CÃÆ' ©zanne drastically changes the scene in order to organize space. CÃÆ' ©zanne compresses the size of the foreground and makes the road with a sharper turn. CÃÆ' ©zanne also reduces the size of the trees immensely, but increases the size of the bridge immensely Loran 48. This same technique is also used in Mardi Gras and Harlequin. This is one of his monumental works in which he struggles with his space organization. His son, Paul, posed for the paintings as Harlequin Murphy 108. In this photo CÃÆ' ©zanne shows his struggle of space by adding sections to the plane. We can see a crinkle in the canvas area of the ankle and toe of Harlequin. CÃÆ' ©zanne also caused distortions in his paintings that were merely accidental. Due to the fact that CÃÆ' ©zanne would still be scheming his paintings distortion was often made Loran 29. We can see this in his artwork entitled Women Bathers Schapiro 117. We can see in this painting how the head of one of the women is distorted and somewhat absent from the painting. His distortion was sometimes just considered a lack of dexterity and manual skill, which he later mastered. It is said that because CÃÆ' ©zanne had not reduced himself to simple abstract shapes there were distortions. He was still trying to capture the realistic look by smudging and smearing Loran 95. The paintings distortion can also be explained by the fact that he did all canvases at one time which did not allow him much accuracy on the human figure. Much distortion can be seen in the painting of another Bathers Rewald 87. In this painting, the bathers can not even be distinguished without reading the name. READ: Dead Poets Society - John Keating EssayIn CÃÆ' ©zannes LEstaque, CÃÆ' ©zanne is showing how he unifies the foreground and background of some of his paintings Schapiro 63. Unlike the original picture of this scene where the foreground and background are clearly separate, CÃÆ' ©zannes paintings unify hem into one, so that they merge to look continuous with one another. CÃÆ' ©zanne is losing the aerial perspective that is held highly among the Impressionists Loran 106.

Researching A Hindu Saint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Researching A Hindu Saint - Essay Example Referring to the Bhagavad Gita, he has made use of the Yogas and Vedantas in order to help people understand the importance and implementation of the major themes namely Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga and Jnana Yoga. (Vivekananda Kendra) Vivekananda was born in Calcutta on 12th January, 1863 to a Bengali Kayastha family and his birth name was Narendra Nath Datta. He was influenced greatly by both his parents; his father helped him to inculcate within him a sense of logical thinking equipped with rationality whereas his mother assisted him on thinking along the lines of religious spirituality. His guru Ramakrishna also played a major role in his life by teaching him about the faith and service that a man devotes to God and how this service is the same in all religions to all Gods. Swami Vivekananda also was heavily influenced by the teachings in the Bhagavad Gita and remarked on an allegory of the war taking place on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. He stated that the war was a metaphor of th e war that is constantly raging within the mind of a human being with respect to good and evil and what he should give in to. In 1881, Vivekananda experienced a turning point in his life as he met Ramakrishna; it is surprising to note that at first he revolted against all of the ideas of the guru and did not accept him as his senior; he had his own views regarding spirituality and did not believe in Ramakrishna’s vision. However, during the course of studying for five years under him, he began to accept his views and became a man ready to renounce the world in order to understand the realization a man achieves by being close to God. When Ramakrishna began suffering from throat cancer, Vivekananda formed a monastic group of which he was a part of and was given the duty to look after all the other disciples and take forward his teachings. From 1888 to 1893 Vivekananda wandered all over India as a monk with nothing but a pot of water and the robes on his back. He carried with hi m a copy of the Imitation of the Christ and the Bhagavad Gita and during the course of this journey he was able to understand people from different walks of life as he stayed with, and interacted with all kinds of people from all over the country. (Sri Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda) After 1893, Vivekananda began travelling abroad with his first visit to Japan. He was very impressed by the cleanliness in the Japanese lifestyle; both in their way of living as well as their attitude. From there on, he visited Chicago where he was taken to the Parliament of World Religions by Prof. John Henry Wright of Harvard University. Vivekananda has hosted several lectures on his tours across England and America and after coming back to India, founded the Ramakrishna Mission all over the country where young learners are taught about the Gita as well as other world religions with emphasis on Hinduism. He has tried to keep Ramakrishna’s message and vision alive by spreading the word about God and self-realization. The essence of his teachings has best been described through a Vedanta philosophy of the soul as potentially divine. He is also considered to be a social reformer as he worked to help the poor and made provisions of providing them with food, shelter as well as knowledge through the Ramakrishna Missions set up throughout the country. The Bhagavad Gita is a 700 verse discourse in Sanskrit, a part of the Sanskrit epic titled the Mahabharata written by Valmiki. Also

Twinkies, the Undead Snack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Twinkies, the Undead Snack - Essay Example The article implies that it is this notion, along with an extremely liberal union agreement for workers, which has led to the financial instability of Hostess and the Twinkie. The author concludes with the quote as stated above and I agree that the companies that survive over time are the ones that continue to produce products that people need and find value in. Thinking about companies that have been around for generations and that are currently financially stable such as McDonald’s, Walt Disney and Microsoft, you will notice that they all stay current with the times and produce products that people want. These companies are willing to change their products, designs, logos and marketing techniques in order to keep their products in the forefront to remind consumers that they need to have their products. These companies also market themselves well in terms of using the latest technology and making that known to customers. These companies make people believe that what they are producing is truly needed by people around the world. Hostess, on the other hand, is not known for being modern and up to date. People don’t talk about Twinkies at their get social events. Although their products still sell, they are not seen in the same light as they once were. In my opinion, Hostess needs a new modern twist on its traditional products. Hostess is not viewed as a company that provides products that are in line with what people today want. There has been a modern day focus on health and nutrition, of which Hostess has not been able to keep up with. In addition Hostess has not been able to make the necessary changes in developing appropriate union contracts for its workers. Those contracts need to change with the times as well. While I admire that Hostess’ employees have a generous contract, which is something all companies should strive for, Hostess and its employees have to realize that in order to stay financially viable, there have